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 Electromagnetic devices are crucial to the operation of modern society. They are used to convert energy from mechanical or thermal to an electrical form that may be easily transported over great distances; they can convert electrical energy into mechanical work through the medium of an electric motor; and they can be used to send and receive information around the globe. At this point in time, with issues of energy efficiency and production costs being crucial to the success of a product and becoming more important daily as a growing part of the world’s energy is consumed by electromagnetic systems, designers of these systems need to both understand and have access to effective design techniques and tools. The basic theory underlying the operation of these devices was developed in the nineteenth century and culminated in the work of Maxwell in 1873. The equations he proposed describe the basis of the operation of an electromagnetic system. The main problem has been in the solution of these equations in the presence of the geometries, boundary conditions, excitations and material properties which are found in real devices. Over the past half century, the development of digital computers and the numerical systems needed to compute the field accurately for arbitrary devices has meant that physical prototypes can largely be replaced with computer models and performance results obtained which are, usually, as good as those achieved through experimental systems. H Read more...
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